Author: saqibkhan

To create a user-defined function in R, we use the keyword function and the following syntax: An example of a simple user-defined function in R:

R Markdown is a free and open-source R package that provides an authoring framework for building data science projects. Using it, we can write a single .rmd file that combines narrative, code, and data plots, and then render this file in a selected output format. The main characteristics of R Markdown are:

RStudio is an open-source IDE (integrated development environment) that is widely used as a graphical front-end for working with the R programming language starting from version 3.0.1. It has many helpful features that make it very popular among R users: To learn more about what RStudio is and how to install it and begin using…

A factor in R is a specific data type that accepts categories (aka levels) from a predefined set of possible values. These categories look like characters, but under the hood, they are stored as integers. Often, such categories have an intrinsic order. For example, a column in a data frame that contains the options of…

1. By using the select() function of the dplyr package of the tidyverse collection. The name of each column to delete is passed in with a minus sign before it: If, instead, we have too many columns to delete, it makes more sense to keep the rest of the columns rather than delete the columns in interest. In this…

Output: Output: Output: In each of the three cases, we can assign a single value or a vector or calculate the new column based on the existing columns of that data frame or other data frames.

1. From one or more vectors of the same length—by using the data.frame() function: 2. From a matrix—by using the data.frame() function: 3. From a list of vectors of the same length—by using the data.frame() function: 4. From other data frames: