Eroding and Dilating

In this chapter we learn apply two very common morphology operators:Dilation and Erosion.

We use OpenCV function erode and dilate. They can be found under Imgproc package. Its syntax is given below −

Imgproc.erode(source, destination, element);
Imgproc.dilate(source, destination, element);

The parameters are described below −

Sr.No.	Parameter & Description
1	sourceIt is Source image.
2	destinationIt is destination image.
3	elementIt is a structuring element used for erosion and dilation, if element=Mat(), a 3 x 3 rectangular structuring element is used.

Apart from erode() and dilate() methods, there are other methods provided by the Imgproc class. They are described briefly −

Sr.No.	Method & Description
1	cvtColor(Mat src, Mat dst, int code, int dstCn)It converts an image from one color space to another.
2	dilate(Mat src, Mat dst, Mat kernel)It dilates an image by using a specific structuring element.
3	equalizeHist(Mat src, Mat dst)It equalizes the histogram of a grayscale image.
4	filter2D(Mat src, Mat dst, int depth, Mat kernel, Point anchor, double delta)It convolves an image with the kernel.
5	GaussianBlur(Mat src, Mat dst, Size ksize, double sigmaX)It blurs an image using a Gaussian filter.
6	integral(Mat src, Mat sum)It calculates the integral of an image.

Example

The following example demonstrates the use of Imgproc class to perform erosion and dilation on an image −

import org.opencv.core.Core;
import org.opencv.core.CvType;
import org.opencv.core.Mat;
import org.opencv.highgui.Highgui;
import org.opencv.imgproc.Imgproc;

public class main {
   public static void main( String[] args ) {
   
      try{	
         System.loadLibrary( Core.NATIVE_LIBRARY_NAME );
         Mat source = Highgui.imread("digital_image_processing.jpg",  Highgui.CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR);
         Mat destination = new Mat(source.rows(),source.cols(),source.type());
         
         destination = source;

         int erosion_size = 5;
         int dilation_size = 5;
         
         Mat element = Imgproc.getStructuringElement(Imgproc.MORPH_RECT, new  Size(2*erosion_size + 1, 2*erosion_size+1));
         Imgproc.erode(source, destination, element);
         Highgui.imwrite("erosion.jpg", destination);

         source = Highgui.imread("digital_image_processing.jpg",  Highgui.CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR);
         
         destination = source;
         
         Mat element1 = Imgproc.getStructuringElement(Imgproc.MORPH_RECT, new  Size(2*dilation_size + 1, 2*dilation_size+1));
         Imgproc.dilate(source, destination, element1);
         Highgui.imwrite("dilation.jpg", destination);
         
      } catch (Exception e) {
         System.out.println("error:" + e.getMessage());
      } 
   }
}

Output

When you execute the given code, the following output is seen −

Original Image

On the above original image, some erosion and dilation operations have been performed which have been shown in the output below −

Eroding and Dilating

Example

Output

Original Image

Erosion

Dilation

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